高(gao)温(wen)电(dian)炉(lu)(lu)变(bian)压(ya)器是指专为(wei)各(ge)种高(gao)温(wen)电(dian)炉(lu)(lu)提供电(dian)源的变(bian)压(ya)器。工业用高(gao)温(wen)电(dian)炉(lu)(lu)变(bian)压(ya)器大(da)致可分为(wei)3类：电(dian)阻炉(lu)(lu)变(bian)压(ya)器、电(dian)弧炉(lu)(lu)变(bian)压(ya)器和(he)感应炉(lu)(lu)变(bian)压(ya)器。

电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻炉(lu)(lu)变压器(qi)用于(yu)机械零件加热、热处理、粉末冶(ye)金(jin)烧结、有色(se)金(jin)属熔炼(lian)等的电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻炉(lu)(lu)和(he)盐浴炉(lu)(lu)。由于(yu)其发热体的电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻太(tai)小，或者在(zai)升温过程中发热体电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻的变化太(tai)大(da)，所以需(xu)要在(zai)炉(lu)(lu)子和(he)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力网(wang)之间配备一台电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻炉(lu)(lu)变压器(qi)，以降低和(he)调(diao)节电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)炉(lu)(lu)的输入电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压。

电(dian)(dian)弧炉变(bian)(bian)压(ya)(ya)器(qi)给用于(yu)钢(gang)铁冶炼的(de)电(dian)(dian)弧炉供(gong)电(dian)(dian)的(de)专用变(bian)(bian)压(ya)(ya)器(qi)。容量大(da)，结构复杂，技(ji)术要求(qiu)较高(gao)。其副边电(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)低，一般(ban)从(cong)数十伏(fu)到数百伏(fu)，并(bing)要求(qiu)能在较大(da)范围内调节；副边电(dian)(dian)流往往达(da)数千至(zhi)数万安。此(ci)外(wai)在钢(gang)铁冶炼中，熔化期需要功率大(da)，要求(qiu)变(bian)(bian)压(ya)(ya)器(qi)能在2小时内有(you)20%的(de)过载能力。在炼钢(gang)过程中，由于(yu)炉料的(de)倒塌容易(yi)造(zao)成(cheng)电(dian)(dian)极短路，所以(yi)电(dian)(dian)弧炉变(bian)(bian)压(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)原边应串(chuan)入限(xian)流电(dian)(dian)抗器(qi)，或使其具有(you)较大(da)的(de)阻抗，以(yi)限(xian)制短路电(dian)(dian)流。

感应(ying)炉变(bian)压器用于(yu)熔化(hua)(hua)黑色和有色金属的(de)(de)感应(ying)炉，实质(zhi)上是一(yi)台(tai)特(te)殊的(de)(de)电(dian)炉变(bian)压器。变(bian)压器原绕(rao)组连接电(dian)源，副(fu)绕(rao)组实际上只有一(yi)匝，它就是装在(zai)熔化(hua)(hua)槽内的(de)(de)熔化(hua)(hua)金属。当原绕(rao)组通(tong)有电(dian)流时，副(fu)绕(rao)组就产生感应(ying)电(dian)流，在(zai)槽中流通(tong)，从而发(fa)出热量(liang)，使金属熔化(hua)(hua)。